Laxatives
Overuse of laxatives can result in poor absorption of vitamins and minerals from food, by hastening the internal transit time. Paraffin and other mineral oils, increases the loss of fat soluble vitamins a, E and K. Other laxatives used to excess can cause large losses of minerals, such as potassium, sodium and magnesium.
Fad Diets
Bizarre diets that miss out on whole groups of foods can be seriously lacking in vitamins. Even the popular low fat diets, if taken to an extreme, can be deficient in vitamins A, D and E. Vegetarian diets, which exclude meat and other animal sources, must be very skillfully planned to avoid vitamin B12 deficiency, which may lead to anaemia.
Overcooking
Lengthy cooking or reheating of meat and vegetables can oxidise and destroy heat susceptible vitamins such as the B-group, C and E. Boiling vegetables leaches the water-soluble vitamins B-group and C. As well as many minerals. Light steaming is preferable. Some vitamins, such as vitamin B6, can be destroyed by irradiation from microwaves.
Food Storage
Freezing food containing vitamin E can significantly reduce its levels once defrosted. Foods containing vitamin E exposed to heat and air can turn rancid. Many common sources of vitamin E, such as bread and oils are nowadays highly processed, so that the vitamin E level is significantly reduced or missing totally. This increasing the storage life of the bread but can lower nutrient levels. Vitamin E is an antioxidant which defensively inhibits oxidative damage to all tissues. Other vitamin losses from food preserving can include vitamins B1 and C.
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